11.ALINA

 




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 Muhammad Ali Jinnah, widely known as Quaid-e-Azam (Great Leader) and Baba-e-Qaum (Father of the Nation), was a barrister, statesman, and the founder of Pakistan.


  • Birth Name: Mahomedali Jinnahbhai

  • Date of Birth: December 25, 1876 (School records also suggest October 20, 1875)

  • Place of Birth: Wazir Mansion, Karachi (then British India)

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  • Date of Death: September 11, 1948 (Aged 71)



  • Resting Place: Mazar-e-Quaid, Karachi, Pakistan

Family Background





  • Parents: Jinnahbhai Poonja (Father, a prosperous merchant) and Mithibai Jinnah (Mother).

  • Siblings: He was the eldest of seven children. His sister, Fatima Jinnah, was a significant figure in the Pakistan Movement.



  • Marriages:

    • Emibai Jinnah (1892–1893)

    • Rattanbai "Rutti" Petit (1918–1929


  • Children: One daughter, Dina Wadia.



Education & Legal Career










  • Early Education: Attended Sindh Madressatul Islam and the Christian Missionary Society High School in Karachi.

  • Higher Education: Traveled to London at age 16. He joined Lincoln's Inn and became the youngest person to be called to the bar at age 19 (in 1895).

  • Law Practice: Established a highly successful legal career at the Bombay High Court upon his return to India in 1896.



Political Journey

  • Ambassador of Unity: Initially joined the Indian National Congress (1906) and was a strong advocate for Hindu-Muslim unity.

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  • Muslim League: Joined the All-India Muslim League in 1913. He later left Congress in 1920 due to disagreements with Mahatma Gandhi's methods.

  • The Fourteen Points: In 1929, he proposed a constitutional reform plan to safeguard Muslim rights.

  • The Two-Nation Theory: Over time, he became convinced that Muslims and Hindus were two distinct nations. He led the demand for a separate homeland, codified in the Lahore Resolution (1940).

Leadership of Pakistan

  • Founder: After years of political struggle, Pakistan gained independence on August 14, 1947.

  • First Governor-General: He served as the head of state from independence until his death in 1948.



  • Legacy: He is remembered for his unwavering integrity, constitutionalist approach, and for establishing the foundations of the Pakistani state under extremely difficult circumstances following the partition.








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